Why Israel sends satellites west instead of east: Ofek 19 explained
Israel’s newest satellite, the Ofek 19, was successfully launched from Palmachim Airbase on Tuesday night, following the deployment of the Dror 1 communications satellite in July.
Israel’s satellites orbit Earth westward, in contrast to most satellites worldwide. Other countries typically launch eastward to take advantage of Earth’s rotational speed near the equator – over 1,037 miles per hour – which provides a natural boost, enabling heavier payloads and reduced fuel consumption at launch.
However, Israel uses the retrograde orbit to counter security and geographical restrictions that most other countries do not face. Surrounded on three sides by hostile states, launching westward over the Mediterranean Sea greatly reduces the risk of debris falling into enemy hands.
The method of launching in the reverse direction also provides Israel with additional strategic benefits. The satellites can complete an orbit in 90 minutes, allowing more frequent passes over the Middle East. It also allows for minor changes in direction to provide different angles of observation and enhanced surveillance of hostile countries like Yemen and Iran.
According to official statements, the Ofek 19 “has new capabilities we didn’t have before, which is especially important in this period.”
The first Israeli reconnaissance satellite, Ofek 1, was launched in 1988 and has been supplemented with 12 additional satellites since then, including Ofek 16 in 2020 and Ofek 13 in 2023.
Israel is one of only 11 countries capable of sending satellites into orbit with independent launch vehicles.
The All Israel News Staff is a team of journalists in Israel.
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